![]() ![]() Raaf J: Surgery for cervical rib and scalenus anticus syndrome.Gilroy J, Meyer JS: Compression of the subclavian artery as a cause of ischaemic brachial neuropathy.Thoracic Outlet Anatomy Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Reference In the early twentieth century, Adson stressed the role of the scalene muscles in neurovascular compromise, and Wright showed that shoulder hyperabduction could produce thoracic outlet obstruction. TOS was first noted in 1743 when an association was made between the cervical rib and TOS, although it was not until 1818, that the medical management of TOS was discussed. The lowest trunk of the brachial plexus, which is made up of rami from the C8 and T1 nerve roots, is the most commonly compressed neural structure in TOS This triangle is bordered anteriorly by the anterior scalene muscle, posteriorly by the middle scalene muscle, and inferiorly by the first rib. ![]() ![]() The outlet passage is further defined by the interscalene interval, a triangle with its apex directed superiorly. The bony boundaries of the outlet include: These names include cervical rib syndrome, scalenus anticus syndrome, hyperabduction syndrome, costoclavicular syndrome, pectoralis minor syndrome, and first thoracic rib syndrome. The other names used for TOS are based on descriptions of the potential sources for its compression.Thoracic Outlet Syndrome TOS is a syndrome characterized by symptoms attributable to compression of the neural or vascular anatomic structures that pass through the thoracic outlet.The thoracic outlet is the anatomic space bordered by the first thoracic rib, the clavicle, and the superior border of the scapula, through which the great vessels and nerves of the upper extremity pass.An infiltrative tumor (such as a Pancoast tumor) growing into the plexus.The following should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the positive Wright test: They usually become compressed between the coracoid process and the pectoralis minor muscle shortly before entering the axilla.Both the brachial plexus and the axillary artery run through the area between the pectoralis minor muscle and the thorax.The compression can be evaluated at the radial artery, because it arises directly from the axillary artery, which in turn arises from the subclavian artery.The compression occurs in the subpectoral space, between the coracoid process, the pectoralis minor, and the chest wall.However, is important to note that a number of studies have found that arm elevation induces radial pulse obliteration in 60–69% of normal subjects. No diagnostic accuracy studies have been performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Wright Test. These symptoms include paresthesia and the hand “falling asleep” and possibly even Raynaud’s phenomenon, as occurs when sleeping on one’s stomach with the arms over the head.The wright test is positive if there is an obvious weakening of the radial pulse and/ or neurologic symptoms in the tested arm within a short time.See Also: Adson Test Wright Test What does a positive Wright Test mean? Then he or she checks the other arm and compares the results. ![]()
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